Apoptosis is the death of cell in a
programmed fashion that is observed largely in multicellular organisms.
This programmed cell death occurs in a cascade of biochemical events
which include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin
condensation and chromosomal fragmentation. Anywhere between 50 and 70
billion cells die each day due to apoptosis in the average human adult.
This cascade has been hypothesized to be exploited as an ideal method of
anti-cancer strategy traditionally by inducing DNA damage with
chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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These methods have been the backbone
of most anti-cancer therapies today, but with increasing knowledge of
intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis, innovative apoptotic
agents have been under investigation since the past several years. There
are currently several of these agents in clinical trials for potential
role in cancer therapeutics and are expected to become another weapon in
our arsenal for the fight against cancer. In technical process death
receptors CD95, death receptor DR4 and DR5 along with tumor necrosis
factor receptor 1 TNFR1 can effectively induce apoptosis when bound by
their ligands. Significant evidence obtained in several animal models
confirms the validity of strategies for targeted apoptosis and has
revealed an enormous potential for therapeutic intervention in a variety
of illnesses. Almost all key participant proteins in cellular apoptosis
regulation have been identified and can be targeted by therapeutic
strategies which include above mentioned death receptors, Bcl-2
proteins, caspases, endogenous caspase inhibitors and transcriptional
regulators.
The current scenario is quite
challenging with greater restraints than drivers due to low success
ratio. The superior tumor killing activity of TRAIL agonists and the
toxic side effects associated with systemic treatment of other death
ligands. In animal models a great degree of success was achieved for
treatment against inflammatory bowel disease with the help of anti-TNF
antibodies or genetic TNF knockout. WHO predicted that annual cancer
cases will reach to 19.3 million by 2025 from the 14.1 million annually
in year 2012. There were 8.2 million deaths from cancer in the world in
2012 according to cancer research U.K. More than 60% of world’s total
new annual cases occur in Africa, Asia and Central and South America.
These regions account for 70% of the world’s cancer deaths. This also
represents a sizable opportunity for innovative cancer therapeutics
companies worldwide. Current economic scenario indicates an improving
purchase power and increasing investment in healthcare in developing
countries which also governs the fact that emerging players in this
arena can profit considerably contrary to conventional observations that
profit can be gained only from developed regions such as North America
and Europe.
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Current companies that are involved in
the research and development of targeted apoptosis therapeutics include
Genentech and Amgen are in the process of conducting phase-1 clinical
trials for soluble TRAIL agonists as anti-cancer agents. An agonistic
TRAIL-R2 antibody (TRA-8) was generated by Sankyo Co., Ltd. (Tokyo,
Japan) and proved to be cytotoxic against primary hepatocellular
carcinoma cells without inducing cell death in normal hepatocytes. Human
Genome Sciences Inc. has recently enrolled patients in phase 2 clinical
trials with the TRAIL-R1-specific human monoclonal antibody HGS-ETR1
for the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer, colorectal carcinoma,
and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. According to the study, approximately six of
57 patients enrolled even reached a stable disease situation.
GlaxoSmithKline disclosed a series of similar piperidinyl substituted
isatins and related 5-alkylaminosulphonyl-3,3-dichloro-oxindoles. With
this, Pfizer has also continued research in caspase inhibitors such as
isatin-based caspase inhibitors, from which the compound MMPSI, a
(2-methoxymethylpyrrolidinyl)-sulfonylisatin, was able to reduce
ischemic injury. This can also be used in targeted apoptosis for
cancers. Several Merck inhibitors are currently in preclinical trials.
This research report analyzes this
market on the basis of its market segments, major geographies, and
current market trends. Geographies analyzed under this research report
include :
- North America
- Asia Pacific
- Europe
- Rest of the World
This report provides comprehensive analysis of :
- Market growth drivers
- Factors limiting market growth
- Current market trends
- Market structure
- Market projections for upcoming years
This report is a complete study of
current trends in the market, industry growth drivers, and restraints.
It provides market projections for the coming years. It includes
analysis of recent developments in technology, Porter’s five force model
analysis and detailed profiles of top industry players. The report also
includes a review of micro and macro factors essential for the existing
market players and new entrants along with detailed value chain
analysis.
Reasons for Buying this Report:
- This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics
- It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth
- It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow
- It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future
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- It provides distinctive graphics and exemplified SWOT analysis of major market segments
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